In this blog thread, we will be discussing first about normal physiology and anatomy of eye to make understanding clear as quick as we can, which includes anterior chamber angles and trabecular meshwork, normal aqueous humour flow, and flow of aqueous humour by schlemn’s canal. Later, we will discuss deeply about the GLAUCOMA, which includes Congenital Glaucoma, Primary Glaucoma and Secondary Glaucoma. Surgeries will be discussed as closing ceremony of this blog.
Definition
Glaucoma is a group of disorders characterized by optic neuropathy associated with visual field defects and elevated intraocular pressure.
So, here is the look of what we should know about Glaucoma:-
In this article, we will be establishing a base before we proceed to Glaucoma and its types. This will just take few minutes to understand the concept.
Anatomy of eye
Angle of anterior chamber
Trabecular meshwork (Trabeculum)
It is sieve like structure through which aqueous humour passes into schlemn’s canal.
These can be well-observed in the following images :-
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| Note Anterior chamber angle and Trabeculum |
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| Note Anterior chamber angle and Trabeculum |
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| SL, Schwalbe’s line; TM, trabecular meshwork; SS, scleral spur; CBB, ciliary body band; ROI, root of iris |
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| Very narrow-angle of the anterior chambern (Grade I) |
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| Open-angle of the anterior chamber (Grade III) |
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| Wide open angle of the anterior chamber (Grade IV) a- Iris root, b- Ciliary body, c- Scleral spur, d- Trabecular meshwork |
Aqueous Humour Flow
2. Resistance to aqueous outflow across the trabeculum, especially in the juxtacanalicular meshwork, and
3. The level of episcleral venous pressure.
Aqueous humour in Schlemn’s canal
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| 1. Non-vacuolated stage; 2. Stage of early infolding of basal surface of the endothelial cell; 3. Stage of macrovacuolar structure formation; 4. Stage of vacuolar transcellular channel formation;5.Stage of occlusion of the basal infolding |