NEET PG 2018 Result Announced: Check Here

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January 31, 2019

Neet PG 2018 Result

The NEET PG 2018 Result has just been declared. If you were one of the aspiring candidates who gave the NEET PG 2018, then you can check your result here.

Check Your Result Here

You can check the result on the official website of NatBoard or NBE. All you have to do is:

Click Here To Download Result PDF

Click Here: NEET 2018 Result

Cut Off Marks NEET PG 2018

The cut off marks (Total of 1200 Marks) have been set as:

General Category: 50th Percentile: 321 Marks out of 1200
SC/ST/OBC/SC-PH/ST-PH/OBC-PH: 40th Percentile: 281 Marks out of 1200
UR-PH: 45th Percentile: 300 Marks out of 1200

Score card will not be sent individually to the candidates. Candidates are requested to download their score card from website: https://nbe.edu.in

And remember, best of luck!

Macleod Clinical Examination PDF 14th Edition Download

By

Admin

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July 27, 2021

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Clinical Medicine is an art a medical student has to master and it goes without saying. It is something you simply do not mug up, but rather practice it again and again till you become acquainted to it. Clinical Medicine is a subject in Fourth Year of MBBS. Macleod’s is a book which can help you master your senses and help you build the clinical skills required to sit in OPD! You can download Macleod Clinical Examination 14th edition in PDF format using the Google Drive Links given below.

Macleod Clinical Examination 14th Edition PDF Book

There are 21 units in 4 sections in the book and these are as follows:

SECTION 1 PRINCIPLES OF CLINICAL HISTORY AND EXAMINATION

1. Managing clinical encounters with patients
2. General aspects of history taking
3. General aspects of examination

SECTION 2 SYSTEM-BASED EXAMINATION

4. The cardiovascular system
5. The respiratory system
6. The gastrointestinal system
7. The nervous system
8. The visual system
9. The ear, nose and throat
10. The endocrine system
11. The reproductive system
12. The renal system
13. The musculoskeletal system
14. The skin, hair and nails

SECTION 3 APPLYING HISTORY AND EXAMINATION SKILLS IN SPECIFIC SITUATIONS

15. Babies and children
16. The patient with mental disorder
17. The frail elderly patient
18. The deteriorating patient
19. The dying patient

SECTION 4 PUTTING HISTORY AND EXAMINATION SKILLS TO USE

20. Preparing for assessment
21. Preparing for practice

Our Fourth Year Books for MBBS are here.

Meanwhile, check out our other Clinical Skills Books:

About the Author:

John Macleod (1915–2006)

Editors:

Karen Fairhurst
PhD FRCGP

Overview

This book is definitely not what you will be looking for exams, but yes, it can help you build the concepts required for Residency after MBBS. 402 pages embedded in a 62mb file, Macleod Clinical Examination book, this book beautifully brings in you the OPD experience in front of you. From styles of questions to asked to patients to the environment of hospital and to the responsibilities of you as a resident doctor, this book helps you visualize the workspace with amazing pictures. 21 Units in 4 sections, all you have to do is pick up which part you want to strengthen first (Personal recommendation: Go with Communication skills with patients first). Eventually, you will fall in love with book, BEWARE, don’t forget to stick to your theoretical too.

Suggestions to those who are looking forward to establishing a clinical understanding in Medicine are as follows:

Read this book and carry it during the practicals and OPD. Have a quick look at the case studies quickly as you approach the patient with established diagnosis. You will feel more confident as you keep practicing this approach.
Learn to make Doctor-Patient relationship and learn how to approach them, deal with different types of patients and how to interact with them with the common tongue.
Learn how to examine different systems. If you don’t know how to do them, your diagnosis is going to be incomplete, you cannot always rely on lab reports and your seniors, do you?
If you need help, following are some posts that can greatly help you in clinical wards. They have been made short but explained to the level of a medical student. These are:

Clinical History Taking and Examination Guide

Fever: History Taking of Patient

Respiratory System Examination Skills

Abdomen Examination Skills

Cough Clinical History Questions to ask Patients

Blood Test Interpretation Skills

Endotracheal Intubation Skills

IV Cannula Insertion Skills

Learning to Read X-Ray: Basics

Basics of ECG: Simplified

Common Emergency Drugs in Casualty Wards

Anemia: The Clinical Approach you never knew

Macleod Clinical Examination PDF eBook Download

You can download the Macleod Clinical Examination 14th Edition by the links given below. If the link is not working, do let us know using the comments section, we will readily update it. If you are unable to locate the links, please refresh the page. Please also wait to load up the file as the file size may vary.

Download

Read Online

Disclaimer

Please note these are external links and we do not host any downloads on our website. If you are the owner of the content or have disputes regarding the terms, please read our complete Disclaimer page or leave us a message via our Contact Us page. Any violation or infringement will be immediately removed upon confirmation.

Wilson ‘s Disease – Kayser Fleischer Rings

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Admin

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July 26, 2021

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Wilson’s Disease or Hepatolenticular Degeneration is an autosomal recessive inherited disorder that causes increased accumulation of copper into organs. The typical sign of Kayser Fleischer Rings is very well pronounced as it appears as Rings at edges of cornea. It is one of the disorder one must be familiar with when reading Gastromedicine, apart from Hemochromatosis.

Physiology

Total body copper content is ~125mg. Intake ≈ 3mg/day (absorbed in proximal small intestine). In the liver, copper is incorporated into ceruloplasmin.

Presentation

Kayser Fleischer Rings
Liver dysfunction- deranged liver function tests, cirrhosis
Behavioral- Personality changes with reduced performance
Neurological- Ataxia, dysarthria, dystonia
Azure Lunulae: Blue Nails, Haemolysis, Arthritis, Hypermobile joints, Grey Skin

Investigations

Urine: 24h copper excretion is high, e.g >100mcg/24h (normal <40mcg)
Increased LFT: non-specific (but ALT >1500 is not part of the picture)
Serum copper: typically <11μmol/L
Decreased Serum ceruloplasmin: <200mg/L (<140mg/L is pathognomonic)—beware incidental low values in protein-deficiency states (e.g nephrotic syndrome, malabsorption)
Molecular genetic testing can confirm the diagnosis
Slit lamp exam: Kayser Fleischer rings: in iris/Descemet’s membrane
Liver biopsy: Increased Hepatic copper (copper >250mcg/g dry weight); hepatitis; cirrhosis
MRI: degeneration in basal ganglia, fronto-temporal, cerebellar, and brainstem

Kayser Fleischer Rings seen in Wilson Disease — Kayser Fleischer Rings seen in Wilson’s Disease or Hepatolenticular Degeneration are Golden to greenish-brown annular deposition of copper in periphery of the cornea (Descemet’s membrane).

More about Kayser Fleischer Rings

The Kayser-Fleischer Rings consist of copper deposits at periphery where the cornea meets the sclera, in Descemet’s membrane, first appear as a crescent at the top of the cornea. Eventually, a second crescent forms below, at the “six o’clock position”, and ultimately completely encircles the cornea.
Other causes of KF Rings are Cholestasis (Obstruction of the bile ducts), Primary Biliary Cirrhosis and Cryptogenic Cirrhosis
Diagnosis of KF Rings is usually done by Slit lamp examination. They become visible by naked eyes in later stages.Diagnosis of KF Rings is usually done by Slit lamp examination. They become visible by naked eyes in later stages.

Treatment

Avoid foods with high copper content (eg liver, chocolate, nuts, mushrooms, legumes, and shellfish).
Lifelong Penicillamine (500mg/6–8h PO for 1yr, maintenance 0.75–1g/d)
In Acute Liver Failure or Cirrhosis- Liver Transplant

Summary

Grey Skin, Serum Ceruloplasmin <140, Urine copper excretion >100mcg/24hr and Kayser Fleischer Rings in eyes; Rx- Lifelong Penicillamine

Delhi Fights Covid 19 Amidst The Third Wave

By

Dr.Varun Tyagi

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November 16, 2020

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Outside the Emergency of Rajeev Gandhi Super Specialty Hospital as I hear my senior explain the condition of my known-to patient during counsel sessions, I’m called by a staff for assistance. A young mid-20s female sitting blank over there, asks me in quiet tone- “Sir, my 1 month kid is covid positive, where should i go?” To be honest, my first clue was Chacha Nehru Hospital, but again, she said she has already been there and Ram Manohar Lohiya Hospital too.

Warriors in Rajeev Gandhi Super Specialty Hospital are already doing their best under guidance of Dr. Vikas Dogra Sir and Dr. Ajeet Jain Sir and the hospital is currently the one which is having most available vacant ventilator beds to hold the critical victims of the pandemic. But the question is, how far can we fight?

Scenario 1: What if not Covid?

Delhi government has in fact set up the best (yes i mean best) organization of medical facilities to fight Covid 19 efficiently. But there are still sections that need to be looked. People who are having medical issues other than covid, are panicking because they simply don’t know where to go when situation demands.

Let me give an example again. Where will you go if you had an accident and broke your bone? Ask yourself the same question, and then ask if others around you know it too. See, it’s that simple. Casualties happen always, but we actually got no clue which path to walk. People should know what hospitals are treating the non-covid cases, and by that, I exclusively mean government run hospitals.

Scenario 2: Lack of Concern

I’m a typical atheist, yet I firmly believe in the notion of “God’s Punishment of Covid”, when i walk outside my home and see Covidiots roaming around without masks and laughing when i ask them to wear one.

Indeed, they don’t understand the gravity of the situation, but I will gladly smile too when such people suffer out of Covid. Before you judge me, I don’t actually blame everyone, for some good bosoms also suffer for the acts of others.

Covidiots 19 — Beware of Such Creatures, Infact Don’t Be One

Irregardless of the cases that have come up in the peak of third wave in Delhi, much is needed again to re-incite the cause for care in people around us. And for the cause, i almost got touched and heartbroken, for there is actually no information practically available to the people out there, when they ask themselves, “Where should i go?”

Scenario 3: Digital doesn’t reach everyone

Rather than digitalizing everything into apps and websites, people should be granted a way out of information in the very crude sources. Not everyone is used to apps and helpline platforms are doing their best, but still unable to reach everyone (i tried calling helpline for the same lady myself).

We know our leaders are most educated and always find a way to help their people, I just heed your approach on this too. We will undoubtedly come out of this together.

Conclusion

I seek Delhi government as a Doctor and a Delhite, for I know the voices are heard very often in our beloved city. Kindly help such citizens with valuable medical information they seek, so they don’t have to wander around looking for a hope.

Our guides and us will keep the fight on till our last breath, as we were taught in our Hippocratic oath to do so, but a little help will be exquisite. Concluding, Hope is everything, I’ll hope for me and you, you hope for all of us. We are always open to suggestions and feedbacks in the comments section below.

The Unsung Warriors Of Rajeev Gandhi Hospital

By

Admin

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September 25, 2020

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While most of Delhites have learnt to live with the Covid-19, there has been an unconquerable increase in the number of cases in the past few months. Doctors and Medical staff are turning their efforts towards saving every precious life in hospitals, where Rajeev Gandhi Super Specialty Hospital, Tahirpur, stands the finest in East Delhi. Under the leadership of Dr. Ajeet Jain, the infrastructure has set the very foundations of what we may call the beginning of the new era: Covid Free India!

Filled with enthusiasm and an untiring zeal, Doctors here are working tirelessly, to not only treat their patients, but to create an atmosphere of assurance amidst the chaos. To watch them remove their PPE kits during doffing procedure, where the sweat drags itself on the floors, is like looking at a lake of efforts.

Under the leadership of our esteemed Director, Dr. BL Sherwal and Dr. Ajeet Jain, Nodal officer of the hospital, who works more than 12hrs a day, to guide everything in a direction of integrity, making sure everyone is safe and sound. Dr. Vikas Dogra, Head of Pulmonology department, can be seen throughout the premises of hospital, making sure patients needs are met genuinely. In a sound mind, it definitely is an exquisite hospital where other government hospitals might fail to meet the standards.

Despite 382 Doctors losing their lives fighting against Covid 19, our community isn’t losing the pace. We will keep believing in the simple notion of rebuilding everything once again.

Perhaps RGSSH is one of the leading hospital where Remdesivir Therapy and Plasma Therapy are being performed with highest cure rates and most preferable outcomes. A whole lot of protocols have been set up for the safety and consequences of the therapy, for one is accountable for every action he takes towards saving a life.

To conclude, we will honour the work our Doctors are doing everyday while we sleep peacefully looking at the bright side of life. Let’s not forget the ones we have lost, and leave the footprints on sands of time, for the seeds planted today will definitely bear the fruits tomorrow. Stay safe, stay healthy.

Honourable Mentions:

Assistant Professors:

Dr. Shaleen prasad

Dr. Utsav

The Almighty

Senior Residents:

Dr. Ankur

Dr. Ankit

Dr. Nitesh

Dr. Sandeep

Dr. Dinesh

The Guides

Team of Junior Residents:

Dr. Varun tyagi

Dr. Sachin

Dr. Amarjeet

Dr. Ankit kasana

Dr. Astha

Dr. Darksha

Dr. Kartik

Dr. Md Haris

Dr. Anil kumar meena

Dr. Anil

Dr. Kshitij

Dr. Ravi Chaudhary

Dr. Shaik

Dr. Akash

Dr. Rupesh

Dr. Intezar

Dr. Salman

Dr. Shabana

Dr. Deepanshu

Dr. Shashank

Dr. Tarif

Dr. Shreyak

Dr. Sanovar

Dr. Pooran

Dr. Linson

The Very Cores Of Every Foundation

Anemia: Understanding The Concepts

By

Pooja

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July 24, 2020

0

Introduction

Definition

Anemia is the most mutual medical ailment of pregnancy. The occurrence of anemia in pregnancy ranges from 40-80 % in tropics likened to 10-20% in developed countries.

“Anemia is a reduction in red blood cells (erythrocytes) which in turn decrease the oxygen carrying capacity of the blood. It reflects an abnormality in red blood cell number, structure or function”.

According to WHO, “Anemia in pregnancy is present when the hemoglobin concentration in the peripheral blood is 11g/100ml or less. Keeping in mind the socio-economic status, the level is brought down to 10g/100ml or less”. Or “Anemia is defined as a reduction below normal in the number of red blood corpuscles per cubic millimeter, the quantity of hemoglobin and the volume of packed red cells per 100 ml of blood”.

Classification of Anemia

Practically

Anemia is classified into two:

Physiological anemia of pregnancy.
Pathological anemia: it is further divided into:
1. Deficiency anemia (isolated or combined)
1. Hemorrhagic
1. Hemolytic (Lack of bile pigment in urine)
1. Bone marrow insufficiency
1. Hemoglobinopathies

Causes of Anemia During Pregnancy

Inadequate iron reserve
Increase demand of iron
Disturbed metabolism
Pre pregnant health status
Condition requiring excess demand
Faulty dietetic habit
Iron loss

Clinical Features

Symptoms

Lassitude and a feeling of exhaustion or weakness may be earlier manifestation.
Anorexia
Palpitation
Indigestion
Dyspnea
Gigginess
Swelling of leg
Pallor of mucus membrane

In examination

There is pallor glossitis and stomatitis.
There may be adima of leg.
A soft systolic mermer may be geared.
Crepitation may be heard.

Diagnosis of a Case of Iron Deficiency/Anemia

Hematological examination
1. Hemoglobin
1. Total red cell count
1. Packed cell Volume
1. Peripheral blood smear
1. MCHC, MCB and MCH values
1. Serum Iron
1. Total iron binding capacity
1. Serum ferritim
Examination of stool
1. To detect anemia due to hookworm infestation
Urine examination
1. To check infection and presence of protein, sugar and pus cell

Complication of Severe Anemia

During pregnancy:
1. Pre-eclampsia
1. Intercurrent infection
1. Heart failure
1. Preterm labor
1. Abortion
During labor:
1. Uterine inertia
1. PPH
1. Cardiac failure
1. Shock
During puerperium:
1. Puerperal Sepsis
1. Sub involution
1. Failing lactation
1. Puerperal Venus Thrombosis
Effects on Baby:
1. There is increased incidence of low birth weight
1. There are chances of intra uterine death

Nursing Management

The pregnant women should get her hemoglobin level checked at the first antenatal visit, then at 28^th week and finally at 36^th week.
The mother should be given iron protein and vitamin rich diet like
1. Liver
1. Meat
1. Egg
1. Green vegetable
1. Figs
1. Beans
1. Whole wheat
1. Green Plantains
1. Onions stalks
1. Jaggery
1. Ground nuts
She should be given oral preparation in the form of tablets and capsules
Advise the mother to continue iron preparation.
Dietary advice must be anthesised and reinforced as told earlier like richer source of iron and folic acid are to be given taken before, during and after pregnancy.
While administration of parenteral iron check for advert reaction like rigor chest pain, hypertension.

Goodman and Gilman Pharmacology Pdf Download

By

Admin

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July 31, 2019

0

Apart from the most used book for pharmacology, K.D Tripathi, there comes another book which is one of the finest books to read in Second year of MBBS for pharmacology. Goodman and Gilman provides beautiful insights and explanations to the students. Below are the links given to Goodman and Gilman free eBook in PDF format for Pharmacology.

Goodman and Gilman Pharmacology PDF Book

The Goodman and Gilman has 15 sections covering 65 chapters and appendices which are listed as below:

Section I: General Principles

Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics: The Dynamics of Drug Absorption,
Distribution, Action and Elimination
Membrane Transporters and Drug Response
Drug Metabolism
Pharmacogenetics
The Science of Drug Therapy

Section II: Drugs Acting at Synaptic and Neuroeffector junctional sites

Neurotransmission: The Autonomic and Somatic Motor Nervous Systems
Muscarinic Receptor Agonists and Antagonists
Anticholinesterase Agents
Agents Acting at the Neuromuscular Junction and Autonomic Ganglia
Adrenergic Agonists and Antagonists
5-Hydroxytryptamine (Serotonin): Receptor Agonists
and Antagonists

Section III: Drugs Acting on Central Nervous System

Neurotransmission and the Central Nervous System
General Anesthetics
Local Anesthetics
Therapeutic Gases: Oxygen, Carbon Dioxide, Nitric Oxide, and Helium
Hypnotics and Sedatives
Drug Therapy of Depression and Anxiety Disorders
Pharmacotherapy of Psychosis and Mania
Pharmacotherapy of the Epilepsies
Treatment of Central Nervous System Degenerative Disorders
Opioid Analgesics
Ethanol
Drug Addiction and Drug Abuse

Section IV: Autocoids: Drugs therapy of Inflammation

Histamine, Bradykinin, and Their Antagonists
Lipid-Derived Autacoids: Eicosanoids and Platelet-Activating Factor
Analgesic-Antipyretic Agents; Pharmacotherapy of Gout
Pharmacotherapy of Asthma

Section V: Drugs affecting Renal and Cardiovascular Function

Diuretics
Vasopressin and Other Agents Affecting the Renal Conservation of Water
Renin and Angiotensin
Treatment of Myocardial Ischemia
Therapy of Hypertension
Pharmacotherapy of Congestive Heart Failure
Antiarrhythmic Drugs
Drug Therapy for Hypercholesterolemia and Dyslipidemia

Section VI: Drugs affecting Gastrointestinal Function

Pharmacotherapy of Gastric Acidity, Peptic Ulcers, and Gastroesophageal
Reflux Disease
Treatment of Disorders of Bowel Motility and Water Flux; Antiemetics;
Agents Used in Biliary and Pancreatic Disease
Pharmacotherapy of Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Section VII: Chemotherapy of Parasitic Infections

Chemotherapy of Protozoal Infections: Malaria
Chemotherapy of Protozoal Infections: Amebiasis, Giardiasis, Trichomoniasis,
Trypanosomiasis, Leishmaniasis, and Other Protozoal Infections
Chemotherapy of Helminth Infections

Section VIII: Chemotherapy of Microbial Diseases

General Considerations of Antimicrobial Therapy
Sulfonamides, Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole, Quinolones, and Agents
for Urinary Tract Infections
Penicillins, Cephalosporins, and Other β-Lactam Antibiotics
Aminoglycosides
Protein Synthesis Inhibitors and Miscellaneous Antibacterial Agents
Chemotherapy of Tuberculosis, Mycobacterium avium Complex Disease,
and Leprosy
Antifungal Agents
Antiviral Agents (Nonretroviral)
Antiretroviral Agents and Treatment of HIV Infection

Section IX: Chemotherapy of Neoplastic Diseases

Antineoplastic Agents

Section X: Immunomodulators

Immunosuppressants, Tolerogens, and Immunostimulants

Section XI: Drugs acting on the Blood and Blood-Forming Organs

Hematopoietic Agents: Growth Factors, Minerals, and Vitamins
Blood Coagulation and Anticoagulant, Thrombolytic, and Antiplatelet Drugs

Section XII: Hormones and Hormone Antagonists

Pituitary Hormones and Their Hypothalamic Releasing Factors
Thyroid and Antithyroid Drugs
Estrogens and Progestins
Androgens
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Adrenocortical Steroids and Their Synthetic Analogs;
Inhibitors of the Synthesis and Actions of Adrenocortical Hormones
Insulin, Oral Hypoglycemic Agents, and the Pharmacology of the
Endocrine Pancreas
Agents Affecting Mineral Ion Homeostasis and Bone Turnover

Section XIII: Dermatology

Dermatological Pharmacology

Section XIV: Ophthalmology

Ocular Pharmacology

Section XV: Toxicology

Principles of Toxicology and Treatment of Poisoning
Heavy Metals and Heavy-Metal Antagonists

Appendices:

I. Principles of Prescription Order Writing and Patient Compliance

II. Design and Optimization of Dosage Regimens; Pharmacokinetic Data

Overview

Unlike KD Tripathi, Goodman and Gilman has a lot of text clustered together with some flow charts and some images. The book has over 2047 pages with deep explanations and it’s download size is 33.2 Mb. However, we still recommend that you use KD Tripathi if you are a second year MBBS student struggling to pass the prof exams.

Suggestions to those studying pharmacology in Second year MBBS are as follows:

Try to read this article- How to study Pharmacology in Second Year MBBS.
Most of the pharmacology is mugging up, you will end making a number of mnemonics for them. But do not miss important topics, including the drugs for cardiology, anti-biotics, etc.
Do not miss Emergency medicine drugs.

Goodman And Gilman PDF Download

You can download the Goodman and Gilman Pharmacology book by link given below. If the link is not working, do let us know using the comments section, we will readily update it. If you are unable to locate the links, please refresh the page.

Google Drive Link

Download

Disclaimer

Please note these are external links and we do not host any downloads on our website. If you are the owner of the content or have disputes regarding the terms, please read our complete Disclaimer page or leave us a message via our Contact Us page. Any violation or infringement will be immediately removed upon confirmation.

NMC Bill In Rajya Sabha 2019: Ready To Pass

By

Admin

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July 31, 2019

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The NMC or National Medical Commission Bill 2019 has recently been passed from Lok Sabha on 29th July and is ready to be passed in Rajya Sabha too. The fraternity of doctors is protesting massively against the bill, however, it seems the government and the doctors are bound to clash. We explore the key points of NMC bill 2019 pdf as we try to explain you why it is a disaster for the entire medical community in India.

We have been following news of EXIT exam since years, but the bill was thought to never pass at first stage. And when the rumors have become alive, the ones preparing day and night for Post-Graduation after MBBS are furthermore in stress. We have made a quick review on the updates of NMC Bill 2019 below:

1. The National Medical Commission Bill was introduced in Lok Sabha in July 22, 2019 by Dr. Harsh Vardhan, Minister of Health and Family Welfare, to replace the 63-year old MCI which was alleged to be full of corruption.

2. The Commission or the Board is to be of 25 members, who will be appointed by central government. The Bill has to be regulated within 3 years of passing, and state governments will establish State Medical Councils at the state level.

3. Apart from the basic functioning of NMC board, it will also frame guidelines for determination of fees of up to 50% seats in private colleges and universities.

4. So far, the Ayush Doctors through Bridge course has not been included in the bill after the previous wide-spread protest by MBBS doctors, however, they have not withdrawn completely and has been proposed in Lok Sabha. It will allow mid-level practitioners to prescribe for a limited level, however for others, they will need to be supervised under Registered Medical Practitioners.

5. There will be a uniform National Eligibility-cum-Entrance Test (NEXT exam) for admission to under-graduate and post-graduate education. All MBBS graduates after finishing they 5.5 years of graduation will be required to give NEXT exam to practice as physicians and register themselves in the state board, while also applying for the PG courses with the rank. In short, NEXT exam will serve as both providing license to practice and Post-Graduation after finishing final prof of MBBS.

6. It also has been postulated to regard final prof marks as the basis for admission to PG courses, however, this has not been clear so far.

We saw a protest by IMA leaders including Dr. Santanu Sen, IMA President, and thousands of students against the NMC bill. However, they were arrested by the police outside the Nirman Bhawan in Delhi, and medical community called it a black day.

IMA President Dr. Santanu Sen being arrested with other students at Nirman Bhawan, Delhi

Dr. Santanu Sen with other students arrested for protesting against NMC Bill 2019

There is nothing government can do when reservation protests are done, there is nothing when a doctor is beaten in the hospital, but yes, the government can call arrest of every single doctor protesting peacefully against a stupid bill that aims at destroying the medical community in India. Do we really need to NEXT exam after MBBS just to show we are eligible to work as doctors after 5.5 years of hard work? Why not same criteria for other services? Why not same for politicians drowned in countless criminal cases?

We are currently looking forward to this grave issue, while IMA has announced a wide-spread strike by withdrawal of non-emergency services all over in India on 31st July 2019. The strike will be peaceful as it was last time, when doctors demanded from government the safety at work after the incident at West Bengal. A Bench of Justices Deepak Gupta and Surya Kant said there was no urgency in the matter as the strike had been called off.

Do you support the notion of bringing this NMC Bill 2019 into act or you stand against it? Share your opinions in the comments below.

Important Topics in Biochemistry MBBS First Year

By

Admin

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May 31, 2019

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We are often drew back when it comes to Biochemistry during First year of MBBS. It’s not simply a confusing subject, but you have to mug up a lot from this. Some even get to the brink of failing and start looking out for only important topics, so it’s much easier to pass out in the semester. For such students, we have got the list. Below are the important topics to study for Biochemistry during First year of MBBS.

Before we go, we hope you’ve got some important Biochemistry books in your pocket. If not, you can get them here for free:

Cell Membrane and Transport

Fluid Mosaic Model
Facilitated Diffusion
Aquapurins
Ionophores
Active Transport
Receptor Mediated Endocytosis

Carbohydrates

Glycogen Storage diseases
Glycolysis
TCA cycle
Glycogen Metabolism
Gluconeogenesis
Mucopolysaccharidosis
Glucose transporters
Lactose intolerance
Test for carbohydrates

Enzymes

Michaelis Menton Graph
Regulation
Kinetics

Amino acids and Proteins

Metabolism of Tyrosine, tryptophan & phenylalanine
Positively charged and negatively charged amino acids
Titration curves
Isoelectric pH
Essential and Non-essential Amino acids
Chaperones
Transamination & Urea cycle
Methods of detection of protein structures
Collagen
Heme Synthesis
Inborn errors of metabolism
Phenylketonuria

Lipids

Sphingolipids
Cholesterol synthesis
Omega 3 and omega 6 fatty acids
Ketone body synthesis and utilization
Rothera’s test
Lipoproteins
Fatty acid synthesis
Hormone sensitive lipase
Beta oxidation of fatty acids

Molecular biology in Biochemistry

PCR and RT PCR
DNA repair
Codons
Post transcriptional modifications
Post translational modifications
Mutation
Heterochromatin
Klenow fragment
Mitochondrial DNA
Sickle cell disease
Pyrimidine synthesis
Translation
Nucleotides
DNA methylation
Genomic Imprinting
Hybridisation techniques
Blue white assay

Miscellaneous Biochemistry

Fuel for body in fed, fasting & starvation
Respiratory Quotient
Vitamins
Source of energy for muscles
Diabetes and insulin
Zellweger syndrome
Thermogenic effect

That’ll be all. Good luck for your exams. Stay tuned for more upcoming MBBS articles and videos.

Kidney Stones: Lifestyle Changes You Can Make!

By

Dr.Varun Tyagi

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May 3, 2019

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A huge amount of population suffers Kidney Stones, also known as Nephrolithiasis. We doctors commonly see patients coming up in ER with their hands on their flanks and telling us how painful it is. We do manage the situation, but what advice would you give to ones who have kidney stones? What would you tell them to eat or drink or do regarding their vulnerability to Kidney Stones?

Below are some key points that were summarized and scripted out from the Bible of Medicine, Harrison. The following points are authentic and have been validated, and do share the information to others to let them know what to do and what not to when they have Kidney Stones. Meanwhile you can also check out post on Gall Stones.

For the Doctors, here are some:

Kidney stones cause pain only when the stone moves in the ureter. Pain is actually a good sign.
0-5mm stones pass 100%, 5-10 pass 70% and decreases further with size.
Surgical intervention is only required when there is UTI, intractable pain or anatomical abnormality.
T. Tamsulosin 0.4mg hs is quoted in Campbell and some articles to be relieve distal ureter stones, but not established yet.

For the People, here are Wise Words from The Gandalf!

Diclofenac is the best drug for pain in kidney stones.
Drink atleast 2L water, 500ml more than you pee.
Tomatoes and Potatoes and Spinach are most common sources of stones, but an Indian simply cannot avoid them. What to do? Take Curd with these foods.
Note: While Dietary calcium is good, supplement calcium actually contributes to stones. Shouldn’t exceed 1200ng.
It’s better to use lemon on tomato in salad, and avoid tomato seeds.
If you are non-vegetarian, perhaps you should try taking less of animal protein.
Less of Sodium (salt) diet is mandatory. Sucrose and fructose are other culprits.
Potassium is good, perhaps banana can help?
Vitamin C supplements increase risk of stones.
Avoid Carbonated drinks, let go off Coke.
Tea, coffee, beer and wine are actually helpful in kidney stones.

Failing Kidney Stones Business Since Decades: Doctors

Let us know if you have any valuable feedback or doubts. We would so love to hear the responses!

Vishram Singh Anatomy Free PDF Download

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May 2, 2019

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The Vishram Singh Anatomy was one of the books a first year student during his MBBS would grab to read and look the insights as he opens BD Chaurasia sideways. Although not the bible of anatomy, it still holds its place throughout the learning process of the initial semesters. You can grab your own copy of Vishram Singh Anatomy Second Edition from this post. Just scroll down as the Google Drive links of the pdf version are given below for free.

Vishram Singh Anatomy PDF Book

The Second Edition of Vishram Singh Anatomy contains three parts, Upper Limb and Thorax, Abdomen and Lower Limb and Head, Neck and Brain. The three parts of book consists of following:

Vishram Singh: Upper Limb and Thorax

The book is 375 pages long with contents as follows:

Chapter 1 Introduction to the Upper Limb
Chapter 2 Bones of the Upper Limb
Chapter 3 Pectoral Region
Chapter 4 Axilla (Armpit)
Chapter 5 Back of the Body and Scapular Region
Chapter 6 Shoulder Joint Complex (Joints of Shoulder Girdle)
Chapter 7 Cutaneous Innervation, Venous Drainage and Lymphatic Drainage of the Upper Limb
Chapter 8 Arm
Chapter 9 Forearm
Chapter 10 Elbow and Radio-ulnar Joints
Chapter 11 Hand
Chapter 12 Joints and Movements of the Hand
Chapter 13 Major Nerves of the Upper Limb
Chapter 14 Introduction to Thorax and Thoracic Cage
Chapter 15 Bones and Joints of the Thorax
Chapter 16 Thoracic Wall and Mechanism of Respiration
Chapter 17 Pleural Cavities
Chapter 18 Lungs (Pulmones)
Chapter 19 Mediastinum
Chapter 20 Pericardium and Heart
Chapter 21 Superior Vena Cava, Aorta, Pulmonary Trunk, and Thymus
Chapter 22 Trachea and Esophagus
Chapter 23 Thoracic Duct, Azygos and Hemiazygos Veins, and Thoracic Sympathetic Trunks

Vishram Singh: Abdomen and Lower Limb

The book is 521 pages long with following contents:

Chapter 1 Introduction and Overview of the Abdomen
Chapter 2 Osteology of the Abdomen
Chapter 3 Anterior Abdominal Wall
Chapter 4 Inguinal Region/Groin
Chapter 5 Male External Genital Organs
Chapter 6 Abdominal Cavity and Peritoneum
Chapter 7 Abdominal Part of Esophagus, Stomach, and Spleen
Chapter 8 Liver and Extrahepatic Biliary Apparatus
Chapter 9 Duodenum, Pancreas, and Portal Vein
Chapter 10 Small and Large Intestines
Chapter 11 Kidneys, Ureters, and Suprarenal Glands
Chapter 12 Posterior Abdominal Wall and Associated Structures
Chapter 13 Pelvis
Chapter 14 Pelvic Walls and Associated Soft Tissue Structures
Chapter 15 Perineum
Chapter 16 Urinary Bladder and Urethra
Chapter 17 Male Genital Organs
Chapter 18 Female Genital Organs
Chapter 19 Rectum and Anal Canal
Chapter 20 Introduction to the Lower Limb
Chapter 21 Bones of the Lower Limb
Chapter 22 Front of the Thigh
Chapter 23 Medial Side of the Thigh
Chapter 24 Gluteal Region
Chapter 25 Back of the Thigh and Popliteal Fossa
Chapter 26 Hip Joint
Chapter 27 Front of the Leg and Dorsum of the Foot
Chapter 28 Lateral and Medial Sides of the Leg
Chapter 29 Back of the Leg
Chapter 30 Sole of the Foot
Chapter 31 Arches of the Foot
Chapter 32 Joints of the Lower Limb
Chapter 33 Venous and Lymphatic Drainage of the Lower Limb
Chapter 34 Innervation of the Lower Limb

Vishram Singh: Head, Neck and Brain

The book has over 460 pages and contents of:

Chapter 1 Living Anatomy of the Head and Neck
Chapter 2 Osteology of the Head and Neck
Chapter 3 Scalp, Temple, and Face
Chapter 4 Skin, Superficial Fascia, and Deep Fascia of the Neck
Chapter 5 Side of the Neck
Chapter 6 Anterior Region of the Neck
Chapter 7 Back of the Neck and Cervical Spinal Column
Chapter 8 Parotid Region
Chapter 9 Submandibular Region
Chapter 10 Infratemporal Fossa, Temporomandibular Joint, and Pterygopalatine Fossa
Chapter 11 Thyroid and Parathyroid Glands, Trachea, and Esophagus
Chapter 12 Pre- and Paravertebral Regions and Root of the Neck
Chapter 13 Oral Cavity
Chapter 14 Pharynx and Palate
Chapter 15 Larynx
Chapter 16 Blood Supply and Lymphatic Drainage of the Head and Neck
Chapter 17 Nose and Paranasal Air Sinuses
Chapter 18 Ear
Chapter 19 Orbit and Eyeball
Chapter 20 Vertebral Canal and Its Contents
Chapter 21 Cranial Cavity
Chapter 22 Cranial Nerves
Chapter 23 General Plan and Membranes of the Brain
Chapter 24 Brainstem
Chapter 25 Cerebellum and Fourth Ventricle
Chapter 26 Diencephalon and Third Ventricle
Chapter 27 Cerebrum
Chapter 28 Basal Nuclei and Limbic System
Chapter 29 Blood Supply of the Brain

Download Size:
Upper Limb and Thorax: 45mb
Abdomen and Lower Limb: 45mb
Head, Neck and Brain: 39mb

If you need First Year Syllabus, you can check MBBS Syllabus here.

Check out other books:

About the Author

Vishram Singh, MS, PhD
Professor and Head, Department of Anatomy
Professor-in-Charge, Medical Education Unit
Santosh Medical College, Ghaziabad
Editor-in-Chief, Journal of the Anatomical Society of India
Member, Academic Council and Core Committee PhD Course, Santosh University
Member, Editorial Board, Indian Journal of Otology
Medicolegal Advisor, ICPS, India
Consulting Editor, ABI, North Carolina, USA
Formerly at: GSVM Medical College, Kanpur
King George’s Medical College, Lucknow
Al-Arab Medical University, Benghazi (Libya)
All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi

Overview

Vishram Singh Anatomy Book gives the First year students another option apart from the traditional BD Chaurasia book. The book has super illustrations and also holds special as it has MCQ based questions along with it. The drawings are so fine and clear with different colors to explain the details. The book also depicts clinical pictures of the same as the reader gets deep into the book. It’s a good book if you are preparing for NEET PG exams as well.

Suggestions to those studying anatomy in First Year MBBS are as follows:

Try drawing more of diagrams and 3d visualizing everything you learn. The more you draw and imagine, the more you can recall them easily.
There are plenty of YouTube videos around and then there are some animations, which help understand the most important topics. Just don’t skip them, you will need them in your entire medical career.
If you are preparing for PG Exams, do read this book. It will pave the way of better learning. Although BD Chaurasia still remains the bible of anatomy in India.
Clinically correlating it with cadavers during dissection halls posting is a great way to remembering anatomy.
If you need help, following are some posts that can greatly help you in clinical anatomy. They have been made short but explained to the level of a medical student. These are:

Clinical History Taking and Examination Guide

Fever: History Taking of Patient

Respiratory System Examination Skills

Abdomen Examination Skills

Cough Clinical History Questions to ask Patients

Blood Test Interpretation Skills

Endotracheal Intubation Skills

IV Cannula Insertion Skills

Learning to Read X-Ray: Basics

Basics of ECG: Simplified

Common Emergency Drugs in Casualty Wards

Anemia: The Clinical Approach you never knew

Vishram Singh Anatomy PDF Book Download

You can download the Vishram Singh Anatomy book by links given below. If the link is not working, do let us know using the comments section, we will readily update it. If you are unable to locate the links, please refresh the page.

Part 1: Upper Limb and Thorax

Download

Part 2: Abdomen and Lower Limb

Download

Part 3: Head, Neck and Brain

Download

Disclaimer

Please note these are external links and we do not host any downloads on our website. If you are the owner of the content or have disputes regarding the terms, please read our complete Disclaimer page or leave us a message via our Contact Us page. Any violation or infringement will be immediately removed upon confirmation.

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Vishram Singh Anatomy PDF Book

Vishram Singh: Upper Limb and Thorax

Vishram Singh: Abdomen and Lower Limb

Vishram Singh: Head, Neck and Brain

About the Author

Overview

Vishram Singh Anatomy PDF Book Download

Disclaimer

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